Making Race and Nation: A Comparison of South Africa, the United States, and BrazilCambridge University Press, 1997 M12 28 Why and how has race become a central aspect of politics during this century? This book addresses this pressing question by comparing South African apartheid and resistance to it, the United States Jim Crow law and protests against it, and the myth of racial democracy in Brazil. Anthony Marx argues that these divergent experiences had roots in the history of slavery, colonialism, miscegenation and culture, but were fundamentally shaped by impediments and efforts to build national unity. In South Africa and the United States, ethnic or regional conflicts among whites were resolved by unifying whites and excluding blacks, while Brazil's longer established national unity required no such legal racial crutch. Race was thus central to projects of nation-building, and nationalism shaped uses of race. Professor Marx extends this argument to explain popular protest and the current salience of issues of race. |
Contents
Trajectories from Colonialism | 29 |
Dutch and British Colonial Legacies | 35 |
Comparative Overview | 43 |
Lessons from Slavery | 47 |
The Myth of Brazils Humanitarian Slavery | 48 |
Slavery and Abolitionism in the United States | 56 |
Comparing Slavery and Its Implications | 62 |
The Uncertain Legacy of Miscegenation | 65 |
AN OVERVIEW | 178 |
Race Making from Below | 191 |
We Are a Rock Black Racial Identity Mobilization and the New South Africa | 194 |
Black Protest Forces Inclusive NationState Building | 204 |
Burying Jim Crow Black Racial Identity Mobilization and Reform in the United States | 217 |
Rising Black Protest Forces State Reforms | 224 |
National Black Protest and White Backlash | 234 |
The Movement Fractures | 245 |
Implications | 77 |
Racial Domination and the NationState | 81 |
The Racial State | 84 |
Ethnic Political Competition and Segregation | 94 |
Apartheid and Greater White Unity | 104 |
To Bind Up the Nations Wounds The United States after the Civil War | 120 |
Segregation Party Competition and NationState Consolidation | 131 |
Centralizing Power and Greater White Unity | 145 |
Order and Progress Inclusive NationState Building in Brazil | 158 |
Unity and Discrimination | 159 |
The Persistent Myth of Racial Democracy | 164 |
Breaching Brazils Pact of Silence | 250 |
Constrained AfroBrazilian Solidarity under Racial Democracy | 251 |
AfroBrazilian Activism Emerges | 255 |
Comparative Overview | 264 |
Conclusion | 267 |
Unmaking Legal Racial Domination and the Continuing Legacies of Discrimination | 269 |
General Implications | 274 |
Notes | 279 |
| 351 | |
| 381 | |
Common terms and phrases
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