Critique of Pure ReasonG. Bell, 1901 - 617 pages Metaphysicians have for centuries attempted to clarify the nature of the world and how rational human beings construct their ideas of it. Materialists believed that the world (including its human component) consisted of objective matter, an irreducible substance to which qualities and characteristics could be attributed. Mindthoughts, ideas, and perceptionswas viewed as a more sophisticated material substance. Idealists, on the other hand, argued that the world acquired its reality from mind, which breathed metaphysical life into substances that had no independent existence of their own. These two camps seemed deadlocked until Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason endeavored to show that the most accurate theory of reality would be one that combined relevant aspects of each position, yet transcended both to arrive at a more fundamental metaphysical theory. Kant's synthesis sought to disclose how human reason goes about constructing its experience of the world, thus intertwining objective simuli with rational processes that arrive at an orderly view of nature. |
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according admit analytical analytical proposition antinomy apodictic apperception applied argument belong causality cause ception complete connection consciousness consequently constitutes contains contingent cosmological cosmological argument deduction determined dialectical discover dition dogmatical empirical cognition empirical intuition employed ence existence extensive quantity external former given ground Hence human impossible inasmuch infinite intelligible internal sense judgment knowledge latter laws limits logical manifold mathematics means merely metaphysics mind mode moral nature necessity never nihil negativum notion noumenon objects of experience organon ourselves perception phenomena phenomenon philosophy possess possible experience predicate present presupposes priori cognition priori laws proof pure conceptions pure reason pure understanding quantity question rational psychology regard regress relation representation rience rule schema sensibility sensuous intuition space speculative reason sphere substance supreme syllogism synthesis synthetical propositions synthetical unity systematic unity term things thought tion transcendent transcendental ideas transcendental logic truth unconditioned whole world of sense
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Page 192 - OF EXPERIENCE The principle of these is, "Experience is possible only through the representation of a necessary connection of perceptions. '' PROOF Experience is an empirical cognition; that is to say, a cognition which determines an object by means of perceptions. It is therefore a synthesis of perceptions, a synthesis which is not itself contained in perception, but which
Page 176 - priori intuition, the synthesis of the imagination, and the necessary unity of that synthesis in a transcendental apperception, to a possible cognition of experience, and say: The conditions of the possibility of experience in general, are at the same time conditions of the possibility of the objects of experience, and have, for that reason, objective validity in an a priori synthetical judgment.
Page 29 - but still just—of looking for the observed movements not in the heavenly bodies, but in the spectator. In this Preface I treat the new metaphysical method as a hypothesis with the view of rendering apparent the first attempts at such a change of method, which are always hypothetical. But in the Critique itself it will be demonstrated, not
Page 306 - all transcendental ideas arrange themselves in three classes, the first of which contains the absolute (unconditioned) unity of the thinking subject, the second the absolute unity of the series of the conditions of a phenomenon, the third the absolute unity of the condition of all objects of thought in general.
Page 21 - discussions on prejudices, their causes and remedies: this attempt, on the part of these authors, only shows their ignorance of the peculiar nature of logical science. We do not enlarge, but disfigure the sciences when we lose sight of their respective limits, and allow them to run into one another. Now logic is
Page 24 - caused the air to sustain a weight which he had calculated beforehand to be equal to that of a definite column of water, or when STAHL, at a later period, converted metals into lime, and reconverted lime into metal, by the addition and subtraction of certain elements;
Page 161 - in the pure intuition. Now a transcendental determination of time is so far homogeneous with the category, which constitutes the unity thereof, that it is universal, and rests upon a rule a priori. On the other hand, it is so far homogeneous with the phenomenon, inasmuch as time is contained in every empirical representation of the manifold.
Page 63 - far as we are affected by the said object, is sensation. That sort of intuition which relates to an object by means of sensation, is called an empirical intuition. The undetermined object of an empirical intuition, is called phenomenon. That which in the phenomenon corresponds to the sensation, I term its matter; but that which effects that the content of
Page 482 - to cognize the existence of such a being, through mere conceptions, without the aid of experience, and is then termed Ontotheology. Natural theology infers the attributes and the existence of an author of the world, from the constitution of, the order and unity observable in, the world, in which two modes of causality must
Page 274 - problematical, that is to say, it is the notion of a thing of which we can neither say that it is possible, nor that it is impossible, inasmuch as we do not know of any mode of intuition besides the sensuous, or of any other sort of conceptions than the
References to this book
Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts Bruno Latour,Steve Woolgar No preview available - 1986 |